Practice and questions

Chapter 5 questions: the UK government, the law and your role

How the country is run and what it expects of you day to day. The questions are about institutions and rules, and many have a number in the answer.

Answers
  1. 1.How many members of Parliament (MPs) sit in the House of Commons?
    • · 450
    • · 600
    • ✓ 650
    • · 750

    The House of Commons has 650 Members of Parliament. Each MP is elected to represent one area, called a constituency, and the candidate with the most votes in that constituency wins the seat under the first-past-the-post system.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  2. 2.What kind of system of government does the UK have?
    • · An absolute monarchy
    • · A one-party state
    • ✓ A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch
    • · A military government

    The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as head of state. The monarch's role is largely ceremonial, while the government is formed from Parliament, which is elected by the people.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  3. 3.How is the UK constitution best described?
    • · It is one document written in 1215
    • · It is the same as the US constitution
    • · It is written in the Bible
    • ✓ It is not written down in a single document

    Unlike many countries, the UK does not have a constitution set out in one single document. Its constitution is made up of laws passed by Parliament, court decisions, long-standing conventions and important historical texts.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  4. 4.How do people become members of the House of Lords?
    • ✓ They are not elected by the public, mostly being appointed
    • · They are elected every five years
    • · They are chosen by lottery
    • · They are elected by local councils

    Members of the House of Lords are not elected by the public. Most are life peers appointed for their experience, alongside a limited number of hereditary peers and senior bishops of the Church of England.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  5. 5.What is the role of the Speaker of the House of Commons?
    • · To lead the government
    • ✓ To chair debates and keep order, remaining politically neutral
    • · To speak for the monarch
    • · To write all new laws

    The Speaker is an MP elected by fellow MPs to chair debates in the House of Commons. The Speaker keeps order, decides who may speak and remains politically neutral, giving up party loyalties while in the role.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  6. 6.What is the longest time that can normally pass between general elections in the UK?
    • ✓ Five years
    • · Seven years
    • · Ten years
    • · Two years

    A general election for the House of Commons must be held at least every five years. An election can take place earlier, for example if the Prime Minister asks for Parliament to be dissolved before the end of its term.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  7. 7.Under the first-past-the-post system, who wins a constituency in a general election?
    • · The candidate with more than 75 per cent of votes
    • · The oldest candidate
    • ✓ The candidate with the most votes
    • · The candidate chosen by party members after the vote

    UK general elections use the first-past-the-post system. In each constituency, the candidate who receives the most votes is elected as MP, even if they do not win more than half of all the votes cast.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  8. 8.What happens when an MP dies or resigns between general elections?
    • · The seat stays empty until the next general election
    • · The Prime Minister chooses a replacement
    • · The House of Lords fills the seat
    • ✓ A by-election is held in that constituency

    If an MP dies or resigns, a by-election is held in that constituency to choose a new MP. Only voters in that area take part, and the new MP serves until the next general election.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  9. 9.What is the Cabinet?
    • ✓ A group of senior ministers chosen by the Prime Minister
    • · The judges of the Supreme Court
    • · The members of the House of Lords
    • · The royal household

    The Cabinet is made up of around twenty senior ministers selected by the Prime Minister. It meets regularly to make decisions about government policy, and its members are responsible for major departments.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  10. 10.Which minister is responsible for the economy and public finances?
    • · The Home Secretary
    • ✓ The Chancellor of the Exchequer
    • · The Lord Chancellor
    • · The Speaker

    The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the Cabinet minister responsible for the economy, taxation and government spending. Each year the Chancellor presents the Budget to Parliament, setting out tax and spending plans.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  11. 11.Which minister is responsible for crime, policing and immigration?
    • · The Chancellor of the Exchequer
    • · The Defence Secretary
    • ✓ The Home Secretary
    • · The Health Secretary

    The Home Secretary leads the Home Office and is responsible for crime, policing, national security and immigration. It is one of the most senior roles in the Cabinet, often called one of the great offices of state.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  12. 12.What is the official London residence of the Prime Minister?
    • · Buckingham Palace
    • · Chequers
    • · Lambeth Palace
    • ✓ 10 Downing Street

    The Prime Minister's official residence and office is 10 Downing Street in central London. The Prime Minister also has a country house called Chequers in Buckinghamshire. Buckingham Palace is the monarch's London home.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  13. 13.What is the 'shadow cabinet'?
    • ✓ Senior members of the main opposition party who each follow a government area
    • · Ministers who work in secret
    • · The monarch's private advisers
    • · Retired Cabinet ministers

    The leader of the largest party not in government is the Leader of the Opposition, who appoints senior MPs to form a shadow cabinet. Each shadow minister follows the work of a government department and proposes alternative policies.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  14. 14.What is the job of party whips in Parliament?
    • · To keep order during debates
    • ✓ To make sure their party's MPs attend and vote
    • · To count votes at general elections
    • · To guard the Houses of Parliament

    Whips are MPs appointed by their parties to organise members, ensure they attend important votes and encourage them to vote with the party line. The Chief Whip often attends Cabinet meetings in the governing party.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  15. 15.Civil servants who carry out government policy are expected to be what?
    • · Members of the governing party
    • · Elected by the public
    • ✓ Politically neutral
    • · Members of the House of Lords

    Civil servants run government departments and put policy into practice. They are expected to be politically neutral and professional, serving whichever party is in government, and they are not replaced when the government changes.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  16. 16.In which year did the Scottish Parliament first meet in its modern form?
    • · 1707
    • · 1945
    • ✓ 1999
    • · 2014

    After a referendum in 1997, the Scottish Parliament was set up and first met in 1999. Based at Holyrood in Edinburgh, it makes laws on devolved matters such as health, education and justice in Scotland.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  17. 17.What principle shapes the government of the Northern Ireland Assembly, set up after the 1998 Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement?
    • · Rule by a single party
    • · Direct rule by the monarch
    • · Government by the Republic of Ireland
    • ✓ Power-sharing between parties from the main communities

    The Northern Ireland Assembly was created after the 1998 Belfast, or Good Friday, Agreement. Its government is based on power-sharing, so that parties representing the main communities share ministerial posts and decisions.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  18. 18.What is the role of the UK's constitutional monarch in government?
    • ✓ Mainly ceremonial, acting on the advice of ministers
    • · Making all major decisions alone
    • · Choosing which laws to obey
    • · Leading the main political party

    The UK monarch is head of state but does not take political decisions. The monarch acts on ministers' advice, opens Parliament, gives Royal Assent to laws and meets the Prime Minister regularly, while staying politically neutral.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  19. 19.At the State Opening of Parliament, who reads the speech setting out the government's plans for the coming session?
    • · The Speaker
    • ✓ The monarch
    • · The Archbishop of Canterbury
    • · The Lord Mayor of London

    At the State Opening of Parliament, the monarch reads a speech in the House of Lords setting out the government's planned laws. Although the monarch delivers it, the speech is written by the government.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  20. 20.What is the Commonwealth?
    • · A trading company owned by the UK
    • · A military alliance of European countries
    • ✓ A voluntary association of countries, most of which were once part of the British Empire
    • · The union of England and Scotland

    The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent countries, most of which were once part of the British Empire. Members work together on shared aims such as democracy, development and the rule of law, and membership is free to leave.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  21. 21.What position does the UK hold in the United Nations Security Council?
    • · It is not a member of the UN
    • · It holds the seat only every ten years
    • · It is an observer without a vote
    • ✓ It is one of the five permanent members

    The UK was a founding member of the United Nations in 1945 and is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, together with China, France, Russia and the United States.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  22. 22.What is NATO, of which the UK is a member?
    • ✓ A defence alliance of countries in Europe and North America
    • · A European trade union
    • · A world health organisation
    • · A group of Commonwealth nations

    NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance founded in 1949. Its members in Europe and North America, including the UK, agree to help defend one another if any member is attacked.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  23. 23.Which organisation drew up the European Convention on Human Rights, signed by the UK in 1950?
    • · The European Union
    • ✓ The Council of Europe
    • · NATO
    • · The Commonwealth

    The European Convention on Human Rights was drawn up by the Council of Europe, a body separate from the European Union, after the Second World War. British lawyers helped write it and the UK was among the first to sign in 1950.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  24. 24.Besides British citizens and eligible Commonwealth citizens, citizens of which country can vote in UK general elections if resident?
    • · France
    • · The United States
    • ✓ The Republic of Ireland
    • · Norway

    British citizens, citizens of the Republic of Ireland and eligible Commonwealth citizens who live in the UK can vote in general elections, provided they meet the age and registration rules and are on the electoral register.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  25. 25.What must you do before you can vote in a UK election?
    • · Join a political party
    • · Pass a citizenship test each time
    • · Pay a voting fee
    • ✓ Make sure your name is on the electoral register

    To vote in the UK, an eligible person must be on the electoral register. Registering can be done online or through the local council, and voters receive a poll card telling them where their polling station is.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  26. 26.During what hours are polling stations normally open on the day of a UK general election?
    • ✓ 7 am to 10 pm
    • · 9 am to 5 pm
    • · 6 am to midnight
    • · Noon to 8 pm

    On election day, polling stations are normally open from 7 am to 10 pm, so that people can vote before or after work. Voters may also apply in advance to vote by post or by proxy.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  27. 27.How many people sit on a jury in a criminal trial in England and Wales?
    • · 6
    • ✓ 12
    • · 15
    • · 21

    A jury in England, Wales and Northern Ireland has 12 members, chosen at random from the electoral register. Scotland uses a larger jury in criminal trials. Jurors listen to the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  28. 28.Who usually hears less serious criminal cases in a magistrates' court in England and Wales?
    • · A jury of 12 people
    • ✓ Magistrates, who are usually unpaid volunteers
    • · Judges of the Supreme Court
    • · Police officers

    Most less serious criminal cases in England and Wales are heard in magistrates' courts. Magistrates, also called Justices of the Peace, are usually unpaid members of the local community and do not need legal qualifications.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  29. 29.In England and Wales, where are serious criminal cases such as murder tried before a judge and jury?
    • · The County Court
    • · The magistrates' court
    • ✓ The Crown Court
    • · The Youth Court

    Serious criminal offences in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are tried at the Crown Court, where a judge presides and a jury decides on guilt. If a defendant is found guilty, the judge decides the sentence.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  30. 30.In England and Wales, which court usually hears cases against young people aged 10 to 17?
    • · The Crown Court
    • · The Supreme Court
    • · The County Court
    • ✓ The Youth Court

    Young people aged 10 to 17 accused of crimes in England and Wales are usually tried in a Youth Court. The hearings are more informal, the public cannot attend, and the young person's name is not normally published.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  31. 31.Which court deals with civil disputes, such as unpaid debts or broken contracts, in England and Wales?
    • ✓ The County Court
    • · The Crown Court
    • · The Youth Court
    • · The Court of Session

    The County Court handles a wide range of civil disputes in England and Wales, such as debts, housing problems, contract disagreements and personal injury claims. Small claims can often be settled there without a lawyer.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  32. 32.What is the highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom?
    • · The Crown Court
    • ✓ The Supreme Court
    • · The High Court of Justiciary
    • · The House of Commons

    The Supreme Court, created in 2009 and based in London, is the final court of appeal for civil cases across the UK and for criminal cases from England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It took over this role from the House of Lords.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  33. 33.Which telephone number should you call in an emergency to reach the police, fire or ambulance service?
    • · 101
    • · 111
    • ✓ 999
    • · 123

    In the UK, you call 999 in an emergency to reach the police, fire and rescue service, ambulance or coastguard. The European number 112 also works. Calling these numbers when there is no emergency can be an offence.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  34. 34.Which number do you call to contact the police when it is not an emergency?
    • · 999
    • · 100
    • · 911
    • ✓ 101

    The number 101 is used to contact the police in non-emergency situations, for example to report a crime that has already happened or to ask for advice. The number 999 should be kept for real emergencies.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  35. 35.Which organisation collects income tax and National Insurance in the UK?
    • ✓ HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
    • · The Bank of England
    • · The local council
    • · The Department for Education

    HM Revenue and Customs, known as HMRC, collects income tax, National Insurance and other taxes. Most employees pay through the Pay As You Earn system, in which tax is deducted from wages by the employer.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  36. 36.What do National Insurance contributions mainly help to pay for?
    • · Private health insurance
    • ✓ The State Pension and certain state benefits
    • · Car insurance
    • · Home insurance

    National Insurance contributions are paid by most working people and their employers. The money helps fund the State Pension and certain benefits, and the number of years of contributions affects how much State Pension a person receives.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  37. 37.What is the minimum age for driving a car on public roads in the UK?
    • · 15
    • · 16
    • ✓ 17
    • · 21

    In the UK you must normally be at least 17 to drive a car on public roads. Learners need a provisional licence and must pass both a theory test and a practical driving test before they can drive alone.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  38. 38.Is this statement TRUE or FALSE? It is a criminal offence to drive a car on public roads in the UK without valid insurance.
    • ✓ True
    • · False

    All drivers in the UK must have at least third-party motor insurance. Driving without insurance is a criminal offence that can lead to a fine, penalty points on the licence and even the vehicle being seized by the police.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  39. 39.What is an MP's 'surgery'?
    • · A health clinic in Parliament
    • · A private meeting of party leaders
    • ✓ A meeting where local people can discuss problems with their MP
    • · An operation paid for by the state

    Many MPs hold regular 'surgeries' in their constituency, where residents can meet them in person to raise problems or concerns. People can also contact their MP by letter, email or phone, whoever they voted for.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  40. 40.In Scotland, who decides whether to prosecute people accused of crimes?
    • · The Sheriff
    • · The Lord Chancellor
    • · The local MP
    • ✓ The Procurator Fiscal

    In Scotland, prosecutions are brought by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service. Procurators Fiscal investigate deaths and decide whether to prosecute crimes, while most criminal cases are heard in the sheriff courts.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  41. 41.What is the minimum age to vote in a UK general election?
    • · 16
    • · 21
    • · 25
    • ✓ 18

    To vote in a general election for the UK Parliament you must be 18 or over and registered to vote. The age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1969.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  42. 42.What is the name of the record of everything said in the UK Parliament?
    • ✓ Hansard
    • · The Gazette
    • · Magna Carta
    • · The Domesday Book

    Hansard is the official report of debates in Parliament. Proceedings are also broadcast, so voters can follow what their MPs say and do.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  43. 43.Which of these groups sit in the House of Lords?
    • · Only elected senators
    • ✓ Life peers, some hereditary peers and senior bishops
    • · Only retired judges
    • · Only members of the royal family

    The House of Lords is made up of life peers appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, a number of hereditary peers and senior bishops of the Church of England.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  44. 44.Which body can delay a new law but cannot normally block it for good?
    • · The House of Commons
    • · The Cabinet
    • ✓ The House of Lords
    • · The Supreme Court

    The House of Lords examines and amends bills, and can delay them, but the elected House of Commons can in most cases pass a law even if the Lords disagree.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  45. 45.What is a constituency?
    • · A government department
    • · A type of court
    • · A political party
    • ✓ An area whose voters elect one Member of Parliament

    The UK is divided into parliamentary constituencies. The voters in each one elect a single MP to represent them in the House of Commons.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  46. 46.Who appoints the Prime Minister?
    • ✓ The monarch
    • · The Speaker
    • · The House of Lords
    • · The Supreme Court

    After a general election, the monarch invites the leader of the party that can command a majority in the House of Commons to form a government as Prime Minister.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  47. 47.Who pays for local services such as rubbish collection and libraries in part through council tax?
    • · Only businesses
    • ✓ Local residents
    • · The European Union
    • · The monarch

    Local councils provide services such as education, refuse collection, libraries and social care. They are paid for partly by council tax, which households pay to their local council.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  48. 48.What is the role of the police in the UK?
    • · To decide whether someone is guilty
    • · To make new laws
    • ✓ To protect life and property, keep the peace and prevent and detect crime
    • · To collect income tax

    The police protect life and property, prevent disturbances, and prevent and detect crime. Courts, not the police, decide whether someone is guilty.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  49. 49.Which court hears small claims about money, such as a dispute over a faulty product, in England and Wales?
    • · The Supreme Court
    • · The Crown Court
    • · The Youth Court
    • ✓ The County Court, under the small claims procedure

    In England and Wales the small claims procedure in the County Court is an informal way to settle disputes over smaller amounts of money without needing a lawyer.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  50. 50.Which number can you also call in an emergency, as well as 999?
    • ✓ 112
    • · 101
    • · 111
    • · 100

    Both 999 and 112 connect you to the emergency services: police, fire, ambulance and coastguard. 101 is for non-emergency police matters and 111 for non-urgent medical advice in many areas.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  51. 51.What does a driver need before driving a car on public roads in the UK?
    • · Only a passport
    • ✓ A valid driving licence and insurance
    • · Only a TV licence
    • · A letter from their employer

    Drivers must hold a licence for the type of vehicle and valid insurance. Vehicles must also be taxed and, once old enough, pass the annual MOT test.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  52. 52.How often must a car over three years old pass an MOT test?
    • · Every five years
    • · Only when it is sold
    • ✓ Every year
    • · Never

    In Great Britain, cars more than three years old must pass an MOT test every year to show they are safe and roadworthy.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  53. 53.Who can stand for election as an MP?
    • · Only people born in London
    • · Only members of the House of Lords
    • · Anyone aged 16 or over
    • ✓ Most citizens of the UK, Ireland or a Commonwealth country aged 18 or over

    Most citizens of the UK, the Republic of Ireland or a Commonwealth country who are 18 or over can stand for election to Parliament, with some exceptions such as serving judges and police officers.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  54. 54.What is the electoral register?
    • ✓ The list of people registered to vote
    • · A list of court cases
    • · The register of companies
    • · A list of MPs' salaries

    The electoral register lists everyone who has registered to vote. You must be on it to vote in elections, and your local council keeps it.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  55. 55.What is the role of the judiciary?
    • · To make laws
    • ✓ To interpret the law and make sure trials are fair
    • · To run the NHS
    • · To lead the armed forces

    Judges interpret the law and ensure trials are fair. They are independent of the government, which is an important part of the rule of law.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  56. 56.Who makes the final decision in a criminal trial in the Crown Court on whether a defendant is guilty?
    • · The police
    • · The Prime Minister
    • ✓ The jury
    • · The prosecutor

    In a Crown Court trial a jury of members of the public decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The judge then decides the sentence.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  57. 57.Which of these is a way of helping your community?
    • · Never voting
    • · Avoiding jury service
    • · Dropping litter
    • ✓ Giving blood

    Donating blood, volunteering, becoming a school governor or helping at a charity are all ways of contributing to the community, as are voting and serving on a jury when called.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  58. 58.What is the main role of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom?
    • ✓ It is the final court of appeal for civil cases, and for criminal cases outside Scotland
    • · It writes the laws of Parliament
    • · It runs elections
    • · It hears every small claim

    The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in the UK for civil cases, and for criminal cases from England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Scotland's High Court of Justiciary hears its criminal appeals.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  59. 59.Where can you get free advice on legal, money and housing problems?
    • · The House of Lords
    • ✓ Citizens Advice
    • · The Bank of England
    • · The Met Office

    Citizens Advice gives free, independent advice on many problems, including debt, housing, employment and consumer rights, at local offices, by phone and online.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

  60. 60.What is a referendum?
    • · A meeting of the Cabinet
    • · A court ruling
    • ✓ A vote in which electors decide on a single question
    • · A speech by the monarch

    In a referendum, voters are asked to decide on one particular question, such as a change to the voting system or to how the country is governed.

    Where to check: The UK government, the law and your role

The UK government, the law and your role

60

questions in this chapter, 300 in the whole bank

Open a question to see the four options, the right answer and the fact behind it.

Chapter 5 of the handbook, The UK government, the law and your role, explains how the UK is governed and what daily life asks of residents: the constitutional monarchy, the two Houses of Parliament, how general elections work, the Prime Minister and Cabinet, devolved government in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the UK's place in international bodies, the police and the courts, and practical duties such as tax, National Insurance, driving rules and calling the emergency services. Our bank holds 60 questions on it, 20% of our 300, so about 5 per 24-question mock in our engine. Many answers are numbers (650 MPs, five years between elections, 12 jurors, 999, 101 and 112, a minimum driving age of 17) or the name of an institution. The main difficulty is that the UK has three legal systems, so a court question that is true for England and Wales may be wrong for Scotland. We show below how to keep them apart.

How much of a mock comes from one chapter?

Questions in this chapter

60

Share of our bank20%
Expected in a 24-question mockabout 5
Whole bank300

Our mocks draw from each chapter in proportion to our bank. The official spread by chapter is not published.

Questions of every chapter →

Questions, dates and fees by Radif Partners · Editorial policy · Method

What chapter 5 asks about

The chapter moves from the top of the state down to the citizen. Our questions follow the same five blocks, and each block has its own style.

The five blocks of chapter 5 in our bank.
BlockStyle of questionExample from our bank
Constitution and Parliamentroles and namesWhat is the role of the Speaker of the House of Commons?
Electionsnumbers and rulesUnder the first-past-the-post system, who wins a constituency in a general election?
Government and devolutionwho does what, with a few yearsIn which year did the Scottish Parliament first meet in its modern form?
The law and the courtswhich court, which systemIn England and Wales, which court usually hears cases against young people aged 10 to 17?
Your roleeveryday duties and servicesWhich number do you call to contact the police when it is not an emergency?

Keeping the three legal systems apart

England and Wales share one system, Scotland has its own, and Northern Ireland has a third. For the test this matters most for courts. In our bank: less serious criminal cases in England and Wales go before magistrates, usually unpaid volunteers; serious cases such as murder go to the Crown Court before a judge and a jury of 12, the jury deciding guilt; young people aged 10 to 17 usually appear before a Youth Court; civil disputes such as debts go to the County Court, with a small claims procedure for modest sums. In Scotland, prosecutions are decided by the Procurator Fiscal. Above them all, the Supreme Court, created in 2009, is the final court of appeal for civil cases and for criminal cases outside Scotland.

A good habit: when a court question does not name a part of the UK, look at the options. If one of them is Scottish (such as the Procurator Fiscal) and the others belong to England and Wales, the stem is usually testing which system you are in.

The traps in this chapter

Monarch's role. The monarch is head of state, appoints the Prime Minister, opens Parliament and reads the speech setting out the government's plans, but acts on ministers' advice. Options that give the monarch political decisions are wrong.

Ministers' portfolios. The Chancellor of the Exchequer handles the economy and public finances; the Home Secretary handles crime, policing and immigration. Offered side by side, they are easy to swap.

Who can vote. British citizens, Irish citizens and eligible Commonwealth citizens resident in the UK can vote in general elections, provided they are on the electoral register. Other nationalities are offered as distractors.

Three emergency numbers. 999 and 112 both reach the emergency services; 101 is the police when it is not an emergency.

Lords and Commons. The Lords can delay a law but cannot normally block it for good. Questions that say the Lords has the final word are wrong.

How to revise it

Write the key numbers (650, five, 12, 17, 999, 101, 112) on a card and learn them first: they are the cheapest points in the chapter. Then read the courts block with the bank's answers open and draw a small diagram of the courts of England and Wales with the Supreme Court above. Finish with two practice sets on chapter 5. Because the questions are factual and the distractors are other real institutions, candidates who have drawn the diagram usually stop losing points here within a few days.

The tool below shows how many questions our engine draws from this chapter in a 24-question mock. When chapter 5 is solid, a full timed mock will show whether the rest of the handbook is at the same level.

Source of the facts

Our questions check facts stated in the handbook, written in our own words by Radif Partners, and are not questions used at test centres. Practical rules can change after the handbook's edition; the test, as gov.uk states on its Life in the UK Test page, is based only on the handbook.

Common questions

Which numbers should I learn for chapter 5?

From our bank: 650 MPs in the House of Commons, a general election at least every five years, polling stations open 7 am to 10 pm, a voting age of 18 (lowered from 21 in 1969), 12 jurors in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 17 as the minimum age to drive a car, 999 or 112 in an emergency and 101 for non-urgent police matters.

Do I need to know the courts in Scotland as well?

Some of them. Our bank asks who decides on prosecutions in Scotland (the Procurator Fiscal) and that the Supreme Court is the final court of appeal for civil cases across the UK and for criminal cases outside Scotland. Most court questions, such as magistrates, the Crown Court, the Youth Court and the County Court, describe England and Wales, and the question usually says so.

What is the difference between the House of Commons and the House of Lords?

MPs in the Commons are elected, one per constituency, by first past the post. Members of the Lords are not elected by the public: most are life peers, with some hereditary peers and senior bishops. The Lords can examine, amend and delay bills, but the elected Commons can in most cases pass a law over its objection.

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Life in the UK Test and naturalisation rules 2026, read on gov.uk, last checked on